abdul gafur 0 Report post Posted November 21, 2008 السلام عليكم ورحمة الله وبركاته تحة طيبة وبعد, المرصد الشمسي فوق ٢٣٤٣ متر من سطح البحر. هو المعروف مرصد كودايكنال بأن كودايكانال محطة الجبالية السياحية في جنوب الهند وهناك يوجد كثير من المنتجعات.ومعني للكلمة "كوداي" في اللغة المحلية تاميل الضباب الكثيف وأحيانا يوجد هناك هدا. ان للمرصد تاريخ يمد إلي عهد البريطانيين بأنه أخبر مخبر العلم الجوية لدي الحكومة عن الحاجة التأسيس المرصد لرصد والبحث إختلافات حرارة الشمسية لتكهين الطقس بسنة ١٨٨١ م. وفي سنة ١٨٨٢ قرر نورمان روبرت بوغسون , فلكي للحكومة منطقة مدراس الضرورية Photography and spectrography للشمش بإستعمال المنظار بقطر ٢٠ بوصة. توقعت مجاعة الندرة الكبيرة في منطقة مدراس وعدم وجود الطعام تأكد ضرورية التأسيس المرصد لمعرفة شكل ريح الموسمية والحكومة البريطانيا تم تأسيس لجنة برئاسة السيد لورد كيلوين , سكرتير لأمور الهند لحكومة بريطانيا في سنة ١٨٨٣ م. وبدأت الأعمال في سنة ١٨٩٥ تحت مناظرة ميكي سميث ولإفتتاح كان في سنة ١٨٩٩ م. والرصد بدأ في سنة ١٩٠١ م . بعد إستقلال الهند من بريطانيا أنشأت سهولات لرصد Ionosonde and geomagnetic في سنة ١٩٥٥ م. وتعمر عمارة الشمسية بإرتفاع ١٢ متر في سنة ستينيات للقرن وبدأ البحث في هيليو سيزمولزجي و قيا س حقل الماغناطيسية الوكترية . ونحن تسعة من الأعضاء بجمعيتنا الفلكية راحنا هناك للدراسة ورئيسه الحالي د.غوبتا كان معنا مرشدا وكنا داخل أنبوب نفق جحر بأنه أن مراَة مقعرية الكبيرة تجمع ضوء من الشمس وتنعكسه الي مراَة أخري تحت ٢٠ أقدام تحت الأرض وتنعكس أيضا علي طول عدسة الكبيرة وتركز وتخلق صورة بقطر قدم واحدفي مسافة ٦٠ أقدام وهي مسافة البوري للعدسة ومن هناك تجري التحليل المختلف للصورة وللضياء. حينما كنا داخل أنبوبة جحر وقع الظلام داخلها ودلك كان في وقت العصر. أضاءت مصابيح الطارئية ولما خرجنا منها رأينا الظلام في الخارج ولو في وقت العصر علي سبب الضباب الكثيف. وفي حي المرصد متحف هو سكن ميكي سميث وهناك أشياء كثيرة الدي استعملت في دلك الزمان مثل ساعات الرقاصية القديمة والمخرطة اليدوية والصور الشمسية من زمان لإبتداء. والتالي بيانات سهولة العلمية في المرصد:- edit] Current Activities Areas of current interest at the Observatory are Observations and interpretation of the morphological changes in active regions and their role in occurrence of transients such as solar flares. Study of contributing factors to chromospheric calcium K indices. Measurement of vector magnetic fields. Photographs of ~ 100 years are being digitized for long term studies of the last ten solar cycles. Studies on the structure and dynamics of equatorial ionosphere and its response to the solar and interplanetary variability are being carried out. Studies of the equatorial electrojet and of the structure and dynamics of equatorial ionosphere and its response to solar and interplanetary variability are being made. Hourly observation of surface temperature, pressure and rainfall are made here and transmitted to the India Meteorological Department and the World Meteorological Organization for use in Weather forecasting and research in the atmospheric sciences. Public Education about astronomy including public tours of the facility, public access to the astronomy library, public night time telescopic sky viewing, and presentation of speciaized university level courses, seminars and workshops. [edit] Equipment [edit] Full disc imaging Chromosphere of the Sun showing the red H-alpha spectral line observed with a spectroheliograph. A 15 cm aperture English mounted Heliostatic refractor by The French optical firm of Lerebour's et Secretan of Paris, acquired in 1850 and remodeled to 20 cm by Grubb-Parsons in 1898 to serve as a photoheliograph, has been in use since the early 1900s to obtain 20 cm white light pictures of the Sun on a daily basis, sky permitting. The 20 cm refractor at the Observatory is used occasionally for cometary and occultation observations and sometimes made available to visitors for night sky viewing. Twin spectroheliographs giving 6 cm diameter full disc photographs of the Sun in K-alpha and H-alpha spectral lines are in regular use. A 46 cm diameter Foucault siderostat feeds light to a 30 cm aperture f/22, Cooke triplet lens. The two prism K-alpha spectroheliographs were acquired in 1904 and the H-alpha Diffraction grating spectroheliograph was operational in 1911. Since 1912, prominent pictures over the full limb are also being obtained in K by blocking the solar disc. These observations and the white light pictures are obtained around 200 days a year. Light from the 46 cm siderostat is diverted to a 15 cm Zeiss achromat objective which provides an f/15 beam and a 2 cm image. A prefilter and a daystar Ca K narrow band filter are used together with a Photometrix 1k x 1k CCD to record the K filtergram.[5] Regular observations began in 1996. Besides synoptic observations, temporal sequences are being obtained on days of good to excellent seeing. [edit] Solar Tunnel Telescope Solar Tunnel Telescope at KodaikanalA Grubb Parson 60 cm diameter two-mirror fused quartz coelostat mounted on 11 m tower platform directs sunlight via a flat mirror into a 60 m long underground horizontal 'tunnel'. A 38 cm aperture f/90 achromat forms a 34 cm diameter solar image at the focal plane. The telescope has an option to mount a 20 cm achromat, which provides an f/90 beam to form a 17 cm image. A Littrow-type spectrograph is the main instrument of the telescope. A 20 cm diameter, 18 m focal length achromat in conjunction with a 600 lines/mm grating gives 9 mm/A dispersion in the fifth order of the grating. Together with the 5.5 arcsec/mm spatial resolution of the image, it forms a high resolution set up for solar spectroscopy. Recording of the spectrum can be done photographically or with a Photometrix 1k x 1k CCD system. A large format CCD system is being procured to enhance the coverage of spectrum especially for the broad resonance lines and the nearby continuum. The converging solar beam from the objective can be diverted to a high dispersion spectroheliograph with Littrow arrangement using a 3.43 m achromat. The photographic camera behind the second slit is being replaced by a Raticon linear array and a data acquisition system [edit] Ionosondes The lab is equipped for studying the ionospheric and geomagnetic effects of solar activity. A NBS C3 analogue ionosonde was installed at the Observatory in 1955, for vertical soundings of the ionosphere. Quarterly soundings were made round the clock. In 1993, a digital ionosonde model IPS 42/DBD43 was commissioned enabling five minute or better sounding rates. [edit] Other facilities A high frequency Doppler radar was built indigenously and made operational to study F-region Skywave dynamics. A lacour magnetometer and a Watson magnetometer were installed and have been used regularly at the observatory since the early 1900s. They also have a broadband seismograph, GPS receiver and magnetic variometers. The Observatory has a popular Astronomy museum on campus for the visitors. The displays are mainly pictorial, with a few models, a live solar image and the Fraunhofer spectrum also presented. The library at the Observatory is one of its proud possessions. It has a collection of astronomical literature, which is of archival value. The library maintains a skeletal collection of current literature in Solar and Solar Terrestrial Physics. The modern meeting and accommodation facilities of the observatory are often used for national and international meetings, workshops and classes for up to 40 participants on related subjects such as: Kodaikanal Summer School in Physics, the Kodai-Trieste workshop on Plasma Astrophysics[6] and the Solar Physics Winter School[7] وتحياتي لكل أعضاء لإدارة والمنتدي السلام عليكم ورحمة الله وبركاته عبدالغفور توتونغال كيرلا-الهند Share this post Link to post Share on other sites
abdul gafur 0 Report post Posted November 21, 2008 السلام عليكم ورحمة الله وبركاته تحة طيبة وبعد, المرصد الشمسي فوق ٢٣٤٣ متر من سطح البحر. هو المعروف مرصد كودايكنال بأن كودايكانال محطة الجبالية السياحية في جنوب الهند وهناك يوجد كثير من المنتجعات.ومعني للكلمة "كوداي" في اللغة المحلية تاميل الضباب الكثيف وأحيانا يوجد هناك هدا. ان للمرصد تاريخ يمد إلي عهد البريطانيين بأنه أخبر مخبر العلم الجوية لدي الحكومة عن الحاجة التأسيس المرصد لرصد والبحث إختلافات حرارة الشمسية لتكهين الطقس بسنة ١٨٨١ م. وفي سنة ١٨٨٢ قرر نورمان روبرت بوغسون , فلكي للحكومة منطقة مدراس الضرورية Photography and spectrography للشمش بإستعمال المنظار بقطر ٢٠ بوصة. توقعت مجاعة الندرة الكبيرة في منطقة مدراس وعدم وجود الطعام تأكد ضرورية التأسيس المرصد لمعرفة شكل ريح الموسمية والحكومة البريطانيا تم تأسيس لجنة برئاسة السيد لورد كيلوين , سكرتير لأمور الهند لحكومة بريطانيا في سنة ١٨٨٣ م. وبدأت الأعمال في سنة ١٨٩٥ تحت مناظرة ميكي سميث ولإفتتاح كان في سنة ١٨٩٩ م. والرصد بدأ في سنة ١٩٠١ م . بعد إستقلال الهند من بريطانيا أنشأت سهولات لرصد Ionosonde and geomagnetic في سنة ١٩٥٥ م. وتعمر عمارة الشمسية بإرتفاع ١٢ متر في سنة ستينيات للقرن وبدأ البحث في هيليو سيزمولزجي و قيا س حقل الماغناطيسية الوكترية . ونحن تسعة من الأعضاء بجمعيتنا الفلكية راحنا هناك للدراسة ورئيسه الحالي د.غوبتا كان معنا مرشدا وكنا داخل أنبوب نفق جحر بأنه أن مراَة مقعرية الكبيرة تجمع ضوء من الشمس وتنعكسه الي مراَة أخري تحت ٢٠ أقدام تحت الأرض وتنعكس أيضا علي طول عدسة الكبيرة وتركز وتخلق صورة بقطر قدم واحدفي مسافة ٦٠ أقدام وهي مسافة البوري للعدسة ومن هناك تجري التحليل المختلف للصورة وللضياء. حينما كنا داخل أنبوبة جحر وقع الظلام داخلها ودلك كان في وقت العصر. أضاءت مصابيح الطارئية ولما خرجنا منها رأينا الظلام في الخارج ولو في وقت العصر علي سبب الضباب الكثيف. وفي حي المرصد متحف هو سكن ميكي سميث وهناك أشياء كثيرة الدي استعملت في دلك الزمان مثل ساعات الرقاصية القديمة والمخرطة اليدوية والصور الشمسية من زمان لإبتداء. والتالي بيانات سهولة العلمية في المرصد:- edit] Current Activities Areas of current interest at the Observatory are Observations and interpretation of the morphological changes in active regions and their role in occurrence of transients such as solar flares. Study of contributing factors to chromospheric calcium K indices. Measurement of vector magnetic fields. Photographs of ~ 100 years are being digitized for long term studies of the last ten solar cycles. Studies on the structure and dynamics of equatorial ionosphere and its response to the solar and interplanetary variability are being carried out. Studies of the equatorial electrojet and of the structure and dynamics of equatorial ionosphere and its response to solar and interplanetary variability are being made. Hourly observation of surface temperature, pressure and rainfall are made here and transmitted to the India Meteorological Department and the World Meteorological Organization for use in Weather forecasting and research in the atmospheric sciences. Public Education about astronomy including public tours of the facility, public access to the astronomy library, public night time telescopic sky viewing, and presentation of speciaized university level courses, seminars and workshops. [edit] Equipment [edit] Full disc imaging Chromosphere of the Sun showing the red H-alpha spectral line observed with a spectroheliograph. A 15 cm aperture English mounted Heliostatic refractor by The French optical firm of Lerebour's et Secretan of Paris, acquired in 1850 and remodeled to 20 cm by Grubb-Parsons in 1898 to serve as a photoheliograph, has been in use since the early 1900s to obtain 20 cm white light pictures of the Sun on a daily basis, sky permitting. The 20 cm refractor at the Observatory is used occasionally for cometary and occultation observations and sometimes made available to visitors for night sky viewing. Twin spectroheliographs giving 6 cm diameter full disc photographs of the Sun in K-alpha and H-alpha spectral lines are in regular use. A 46 cm diameter Foucault siderostat feeds light to a 30 cm aperture f/22, Cooke triplet lens. The two prism K-alpha spectroheliographs were acquired in 1904 and the H-alpha Diffraction grating spectroheliograph was operational in 1911. Since 1912, prominent pictures over the full limb are also being obtained in K by blocking the solar disc. These observations and the white light pictures are obtained around 200 days a year. Light from the 46 cm siderostat is diverted to a 15 cm Zeiss achromat objective which provides an f/15 beam and a 2 cm image. A prefilter and a daystar Ca K narrow band filter are used together with a Photometrix 1k x 1k CCD to record the K filtergram.[5] Regular observations began in 1996. Besides synoptic observations, temporal sequences are being obtained on days of good to excellent seeing. [edit] Solar Tunnel Telescope Solar Tunnel Telescope at KodaikanalA Grubb Parson 60 cm diameter two-mirror fused quartz coelostat mounted on 11 m tower platform directs sunlight via a flat mirror into a 60 m long underground horizontal 'tunnel'. A 38 cm aperture f/90 achromat forms a 34 cm diameter solar image at the focal plane. The telescope has an option to mount a 20 cm achromat, which provides an f/90 beam to form a 17 cm image. A Littrow-type spectrograph is the main instrument of the telescope. A 20 cm diameter, 18 m focal length achromat in conjunction with a 600 lines/mm grating gives 9 mm/A dispersion in the fifth order of the grating. Together with the 5.5 arcsec/mm spatial resolution of the image, it forms a high resolution set up for solar spectroscopy. Recording of the spectrum can be done photographically or with a Photometrix 1k x 1k CCD system. A large format CCD system is being procured to enhance the coverage of spectrum especially for the broad resonance lines and the nearby continuum. The converging solar beam from the objective can be diverted to a high dispersion spectroheliograph with Littrow arrangement using a 3.43 m achromat. The photographic camera behind the second slit is being replaced by a Raticon linear array and a data acquisition system [edit] Ionosondes The lab is equipped for studying the ionospheric and geomagnetic effects of solar activity. A NBS C3 analogue ionosonde was installed at the Observatory in 1955, for vertical soundings of the ionosphere. Quarterly soundings were made round the clock. In 1993, a digital ionosonde model IPS 42/DBD43 was commissioned enabling five minute or better sounding rates. [edit] Other facilities A high frequency Doppler radar was built indigenously and made operational to study F-region Skywave dynamics. A lacour magnetometer and a Watson magnetometer were installed and have been used regularly at the observatory since the early 1900s. They also have a broadband seismograph, GPS receiver and magnetic variometers. The Observatory has a popular Astronomy museum on campus for the visitors. The displays are mainly pictorial, with a few models, a live solar image and the Fraunhofer spectrum also presented. The library at the Observatory is one of its proud possessions. It has a collection of astronomical literature, which is of archival value. The library maintains a skeletal collection of current literature in Solar and Solar Terrestrial Physics. The modern meeting and accommodation facilities of the observatory are often used for national and international meetings, workshops and classes for up to 40 participants on related subjects such as: Kodaikanal Summer School in Physics, the Kodai-Trieste workshop on Plasma Astrophysics[6] and the Solar Physics Winter School[7] وتحياتي لكل أعضاء لإدارة والمنتدي السلام عليكم ورحمة الله وبركاته عبدالغفور توتونغال كيرلا-الهند Share this post Link to post Share on other sites
