Gesmallaha 0 Report post Posted February 7, 2012 ﻋﻠﻤﺎﺀ ﻳﻨﺘﻈﺮﻭﻥ ﻇﻬﻮﺭ ﺣﻴﺎﺓ ﻣﻦ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﺑﻌﺪﻣﺎ ﻭﺻﻠﻮﺍ ﺑﺎﻟﺤﻔﺮ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺠﻠﻴﺪ ﺍﺳﺘﻤﺮ20 ﺳﻨﺔ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺑﺤﻴﺮﺓ ﻣﺎ ﺯﺍﻟﺖ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻗﺒﻞ20ﻣﻠﻴﻮﻥ ﻋﺎﻡLake Vostok ﺧﺒﺮ ﻋﻠﻤﻲ ﺳﺎﺧﻦ ﻭﻣﺜﻴﺮ..ﻳﺄﺗﻲ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻤﺮﺓ ﻣﻦ ﺣﻴﺚ ﻻ ﺷﻲﺀ ﺳﻮﻯ ﺍﻟﺠﻠﻴﺪ ﺍﻷﺑﺪﻱ،ﻓﻔﻲ ﺍﻷﺳﺒﻮﻉ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺿﻲ ﺃﻋﻠﻦ ﻋﻠﻤﺎﺀ ﻣﺤﻄﺔ ﻋﻠﻤﻴﺔ ﺭﻭﺳﻴﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻘﻄﺐ ﺍﻟﺠﻨﻮﺑﻲ ﻋﻦ ﺑﻠﻮﻏﻬﻢ ﻋﺘﺒﺔ ﻣﺎ ﺣﻔﺮﻭﺍ 20ﺳﻨﺔ ﻟﻠﻮﺻﻮﻝ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ،ﻭﻫﻲ ﺑﺤﻴﺮﺓ ﺗﺤﺖ ﺛﻠﺞ ﻣﺘﻠﺒﺪ ﻓﻮﻗﻬﺎ ﺑﺴﻤﺎﻛﺔ 3600ﻣﺘﺮ،ﻭﻣﺎ ﺯﺍﻟﺖ ﻣﻴﺎﻫﻬﺎ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻣﻨﺬ20ﻣﻠﻴﻮﻥ ﻋﺎﻡ،ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻢ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻟﻢ ﻳﺮ ﺃﺣﺪ ﺑﺤﻴﺮﺓ"ﻓﻮﺳﺘﻮﻙ" ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﻵﻥ.ﻭﻻ ﻟﻤﺲ ﻣﻴﺎﻫﻬﺎ ﺃﻳﻀﺎ، ﻷﻧﻬﺎ ﺗﺤﻮﻟﺖ ﺍﻟﻰ"ﻛﺒﺴﻮﻟﺔ ﺯﻣﻦ" ﻧﺎﻣﺖ ﻓﻲ ﻇﻼﻡ ﺗﺎﻡ ﺧﻴﻢ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﻣﻨﺬ ﺣﺪﺛﺖ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﺣﺎﺳﻤﺔ ﺑﻤﻨﺎﺥ ﺍﻷﺭﺽ ﻓﻐﻄﺖ ﺍﻟﺜﻠﻮﺝ ﻣﻴﺎﻫﻬﺎ ﺑﻤﺎ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻛﺎﺋﻨﺎﺕ ﺳﺒﻘﺖ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺍﻹﻧﺴﺎﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻷﺭﺽ ﺑﺄﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ400 ﺃﻟﻒ ﻋﺎﻡ،ﻃﺒﻘﺎ ﻟﻤﺎ ﻳﺆﻛﺪﻩ ﻋﻠﻤﺎﺀ ﺍﻷﺣﻴﺎﺀ. ﻭﺗﻘﻊ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﻴﺮﺓ ﺑﻤﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻘﻄﺐ ﺍﻟﺠﻨﻮﺑﻲ ﺗﺮﺗﻔﻊ3500ﻣﺘﺮ ﻋﻦ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺮ،ﻭﻫﻲ ﺃﻛﺒﺮ150ﺗﺠﻤﻌﺎ ﻟﻠﻤﺎﺀ ﺗﺤﺖ ﺍﻟﺜﻠﻮﺝ،ﻭﺗﻢ ﺍﻛﺘﺸﺎﻓﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ 1996ﺑﺮﺻﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻗﻤﺎﺭ ﺍﺻﻄﻨﺎﻋﻴﺔ ﻭﻣﺠﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﺳﺘﺸﻌﺎﺭ ﻭﺭﺍﺩﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺑﺎﻟﻤﺴﺢ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺮﺟﺎﻋﻲ ﻟﻠﻀﻮﺀ ﻭﺟﺪﺗﻬﺎ ﺗﺤﺖ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﺳﺒﻖ ﻟﻠﻌﻠﻤﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺮﻭﺱ ﺃﻥ ﺑﺪﺃﻭﺍ ﻓﻲ1991ﺑﺤﻔﺮ ﺑﺌﺮ ﻓﻲ ﺛﻠﻮﺟﻬﺎ ﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﺑﻬﻢ،ﻓﺘﺎﺑﻌﻮﺍ ﺣﻔﺮﻩ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻛﺘﺸﺎﻓﻬﺎ ﺑﻬﺪﻑ ﺍﺧﺘﺮﺍﻕ ﺳﻘﻔﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺠﻠﻴﺪﻱ ﻭﺍﻟﻮﺻﻮﻝ ﺇﻟﻰ ﻣﻴﺎﻫﻬﺎ ﻟﻠﺘﻌﺮﻑ ﺍﻟﻰ ﻣﺎ ﺗﺤﺘﻮﻳﻪ. ﻭﺍﻟﺒﺤﻴﺮﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﻟﻐﺔ ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺘﻬﺎ15690 ﻛﻴﻠﻮﻣﺘﺮ ﻣﺮﺑﻊ،ﺗﻌﺘﺒﺮ ﻣﻴﺎﻫﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻴﻘﺔ800ﻣﺘﺮ ﻫﻲ ﺃﻧﻈﻒ ﻭﺃﻧﻘﻰ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﻟﻺﻧﺴﺎﻥ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻌﺮﻓﻪ،ﻭﻫﻲ ﻋﺬﺑﺔ ﻭﻣﺸﺒﻌﺔ ﺑﺄﻭﻛﺴﻴﺠﻴﻦ ﻳﺰﻳﺪ50 ﻣﺮﺓ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺩﻱ، ﻭﺗﻜﻔﻲ ﻟﺴﺪ ﺣﺎﺟﺎﺕ ﺩﻭﻟﺔ ﻛﺎﻟﺴﻌﻮﺩﻳﺔ ﻣﺜﻼ ﻃﻮﺍﻝ200ﻋﺎﻡ، ﻟﻜﻦ ﻣﺎ ﻳﺮﻏﺐ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎﺀ ﻫﻮ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﻣﺎ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺗﺤﺘﻮﻱ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻷﻫﻢ،ﻭﻫﻮ ﺃﻱ ﻧﻮﻉ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺤﻴﺎﺓ ﻳﻌﺘﻘﺪﻭﻥ ﺑﺄﻧﻪ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﻠﻴﺪﻱ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺮﻭﻑ. ﻭﻣﻌﻈﻢ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺎﺭﻳﺮ ﻋﻦ"ﻓﻮﺳﺘﻮﻙ" ﺍﻷﻛﺒﺮ ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻟﺒﻨﺎﻥ ﺑﺄﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ 5000ﻛﻴﻠﻮﻣﺘﺮ ﻣﺮﺑﻊ،ﺗﻨﺘﻬﻲ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻔﺎﺅﻝ ﻓﻲ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻮﺻﻮﻝ ﺇﻟﻰ ﻣﻴﺎﻫﻬﺎ ﺳﻴﺤﻤﻞ ﻟﻺﻧﺴﺎﻥ ﻣﻔﺎﺟﺂﺕ،ﺣﺘﻰ ﻭﻟﻮ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻃﺒﻘﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺠﻠﻴﺪ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺮﺍﻛﻤﺔ ﻓﻮﻕ ﻣﻴﺎﻫﻬﺎ ﻣﻨﺬ ﻣﻼﻳﻴﻦ ﺍﻟﺴﻨﻴﻦ ﻗﻀﺖ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺎ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻛﺎﺋﻨﺎﺕ، ﻷﻥ ﺭﻭﺍﺳﺒﻬﺎ ﺑﻘﻴﺖ ﻓﻲ ﻗﻌﺮﻫﺎ. ﺃﻣﺎ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺍﺗﻀﺢ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺤﻴﺎﺓ ﻣﺴﺘﻤﺮﺓ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ،ﻭﻟﻮ ﻓﻲ ﺑﻜﺘﻴﺮﻳﺎ ﺑﺪﺍﺋﻴﺔ "ﻓﺬﻟﻚ ﺳﻴﺆﻛﺪ ﺇﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﻭﺟﻮﺩﻫﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻷﻗﻞ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺮﻳﺦ،ﺃﻭ ﻗﻤﺮ"ﺃﻭﺭﻭﺑﺎ" ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺋﺮ ﺣﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻤﺸﺘﺮﻱ،ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺮﺷﺢ ﻟﺘﺒﺮﻋﻢ ﺍﻟﺤﻴﺎﺓ ﺑﻤﻌﺰﻝ ﻋﻦ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺸﻤﺲ"ﺑﺤﺴﺐ ﻣﺎ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺪﻛﺘﻮﺭ ﻋﺼﺎﻡ ﺣﺠﻲ،ﻭﻫﻮ ﺭﺋﻴﺲ ﻓﻲ"ﻧﺎﺳﺎ" ﻟﻔﺮﻳﻖ ﻧﺎﺷﻂ ﺑﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ ﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﻗﻤﺮﺍً ﺍﺻﻄﻨﺎﻋﻴﺎ ﺣﻮﻝ ﺍﻷﺭﺽ ﻟﻠﺒﺤﺚ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩ ﺍﻟﺠﻮﻓﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻗﻄﺒﻲ ﺍﻷﺭﺽ، ﻛﻤﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺻﺤﺎﺭﻳﻬﺎ،ﻭﺗﺸﺎﺭﻙ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﻜﻮﻳﺖ ﻣﻊ ﺇﻳﻄﺎﻟﻴﺎ ﺇﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﻟﻮﻛﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻷﻣﺮﻳﻜﻴﺔ. Share this post Link to post Share on other sites
